Sir Olof and the Elves

Many of the supernatural creatures of folklore appear in Scandinavian ballads, and such supernatural ballads were some of the most widespread in Scandinavia. Stories about elves go as far back as the lore of the Old Norse myths. Elves are often associated with the mist; sometimes they act for good, sometimes for ill. There is no doubt, though, that the elves in this ballad are not good to meet!

In this post, I will give a brief summary of the plot of the ballad, then present some traditional melodies as reproduced in 19th century Scandinavian songbooks, and finally link to some contemporary interpretations.

Älvalek (Elf Dance) by August Malmström

Plot

The ballad tells the story of a young man by the name of Olof. It is the day before he is to be married, and while he is out riding, he comes across a group of elves. Several of the elves then ask him to dance. This is bad news for Olof. He tells the elves that he cannot dance with them as he will be married in the morning, but when he refuses to dance, the elves place a curse on him.

Olof returns home, and his mother immediately sees that he is unwell. Olof tells his family that he is about to die as a result of his having met the elves, and so he goes to bed.

When Olof's bride-to-be arrives at the house asking after him, his mother tries to tell her that Olof is out hunting. But the girl is not convinced, and she goes up to discover Olof's body. At this, she kills herself, and Olof's mother also dies of sorrow, bringing the body count up to three ... which is the typical number of dead bodies in many such Swedish ballads.

Different versions of the ballad may have plot variations. Here is a Swedish text (from Arwidsson).

Ängsälvor (Meadow Elves) by Nils Blommér ...
with an unfortunate early morning horse rider, possibly Sir Olof, approaching
in the background.

Melodies

Here are two Swedish melodies, both taken from Ahlström's book, and both with the same chorus (omkväde) line:

(1) Elfqvinnan och Herr Olof (No. 129), melody from Östergötland

(2) Herr Olof i Elfvornas Dans (No. 133), melody from Uppland

Note that the ballad texts published in Arwidsson's book have a different omkväde pattern: (Driving dew and falling frost (or rain) / Sir Olof will return in the evening (or when the forest turns leaf-green)). But I don't know of a melody that fits with this omkväde.

There are several Danish melodies printed in Berggreen's book, and for all of these the omkväde line is basically the same as that seen for the two Swedish melodies. Here is one of the Danish melodies:

(3) Elveskud (No. 20a)

I have made a video to demonstrate these melodies that you can see on YouTube here ... please note I am not necessarily singing in the key as written.

Recordings

There are not too many modern recordings of this ballad to be found on YouTube. But there are some.

Korp are a duo, Karen Petersen och Gunnar Nordlinder, specialising in medieval music ... korpmusik.se. (The name korp means raven in Swedish, though in Swedidh ballad language a raven might be called ramn/ravn.) Here, they are singing a lovely arrangement of Herr Olof as a duet with an accompaniment that is so light that the performance is almost a capella. The notes of the melody are the same as in (1) above, but the rhythm is changed from 3/4 to 4/4.

Korp (Herr Olof och Älvorna):



Ulv are a three-piece band, again going for a medieval sound, but coming up with a very different sound ... Link (Ulv means wolf in Swedish, but it is an archaic word – the standard Swedish word is varg.)

Ulv (Herr Olof och Älvorna):



In the 1970s, Norwegian band Folque were influential in creating folk rock and electric folk interpretations of ballads and bringing them to a wide audience, similarly to, say, Fairport Convention or Steeleye Span in England. Many bands have gone on to play Folque's arrangements of the ballads. In Norwegian tradition, the ballad of Sir Olof and the Elves is usually called Olav Liljekrans (Olav Lily-wreath). Folque's version of the ballad, called Dans Dans Olav Liljekrans, tells this story, but with a take that is all their own. Links to Folque's own site and Folque on Amazon.

Folque (Dans Dans Olav Liljekrans):
mp3 file on Folque's site

In Danish the ballad is known as Elveskud (or Elverskud). Here, the band Himmerland are playing Elverskud live at Bath Folkfest.

Himmerland (Elverskud):

I have made a recording of my English translation of this ballad, see here.

–

J. N. Ahlström, 300 Nordiska Folkvisor, Stockholm, 1878
A. P. Berggreen, Folke-Sanger og Melodier, Copenhagen, 1860
A. I. Arwidsson, Svenska Fornsånger, Vol 2, Stockholm, 1887

My own translation of Sir Olof and the Elves is included in Lord Peter and Little Kerstin.